Considering the challenges related to the level of pollution and the limitation of fossil fuel resources, the design, construction and operation of all-electric ships with on clean energy resources is being developed. On the other hand, due to the prominent features of hydrogen and the possibility of achieving a zero-pollution hydrogen production, , in recent years, hydrogen has received much attention as the main fuel of the future. The growth of the hydrogen usage in the electric transportation industry has also been significant, and in the ships’ industry, the use of hydrogen fuel and the development of fuel cell technology have been significantly developed. In this paper, a conceptual design process of an all-electric fuel cell ship is proposed.To create a comprehensive and systematic approach in the proposed design process, by investigating the phases of internationally recognized projects in the field of design, construction and operation of fuel cell ships, a conceptual design flowchart has been presented. By using this flowchart and having the ship’s input parameters such as power capacity, energy required for each trip, load change rates, ship’s dimensions, fuel tank capacity, available space, and available technologies including fuel cell modules and hydrogen supplyment and storage methods, it is possible to design the basic power system of all-electric hybrid ship based on fuel cell.

Microbial fuel cell are modeled using various mathematical and computational methods in order to better understand the complex behavior of these cells and optimize their performance. In the modeling process, various effects including biological effects, mass transfer, energy and charge in anode and cathode are considered. These models cover a wide range of processes by considering different material phases, boundary conditions, microbial growth, reaction kinetics at anode and cathode and electrochemical behavior of the system. The power of a model lies in the ability to predict and the balance between computing time and the accuracy of its results. The aim of these models is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the phenomena occurring in the microbial fuel cell, which includes a wide range of processes. In addition, the models consider the effects of environmental changes on microbial growth, flow hydrodynamics, and electron transfer from the microbial surface to the anode. These models are essential to identify the key factors that affect the overall system and improve the power output of microbial fuel cells.

The economic development of a country depends on the management, applicability, and utilization of its resources. Efficient energy generation and application in the industrial and agricultural sectors are of paramount importance. Due to the high need for a healthy environment coupled with sustainable energy, it has become necessary for the government and industries to look beyond carbon-based energy sources, which most developing countries depend on heavily for their energy generation, and begin to consider other sources of energy. These carbon-based energy sources generate greenhouse gases, causing global warming and climate change. Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are a promising energy source, providing sustainable and environmentally friendly energy. They can harness the chemical energy in organic compounds and channel it to the generation of electrical energy while providing environmental remediation. Its functioning is efficient, widespread, convenient, and promising. This review considers the various types of MFCs, their mode of operation, strategies for improving their performance, and future prospects.

To develop operating strategies in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell-powered applications, precise computationally efficient models of the fuel cell stack voltage are required. Models are needed for all operating conditions, including transients. In this work, transient evolutions of voltage, in response to load changes, are modeled with a sum of three exponential decay functions.Amplitude factors are correlated to steady-state operating data (temperature, humidity, average current, resistance, and voltage). The obtained time constants reflect known processes of the membrane heat/water transport. These model parameters can form the basis for the prediction of voltage overshoot/undershoot used in computational-based control systems, used in real-time simulation. Furthermore, the results provide an empirical basis for the estimation of the magnitude of temporary voltage loss to be expected with sudden load changes, as well as a systematic method for the analysis of experimental data. Its applicability is currently limited to thin membranes with low to moderate humidity gases, and with adequately high reactant-gas stoichiometry.